In this cross-sector rating methodology, we explain our general principles for assessing environmental, social and governance risks in our credit analysis for all sectors globally.

In this methodology supplement, we explain our general approach to assigning carbon transition indicator scores, which assess entities’ carbon transition risk using a set of characteristics that we consider to be relevant and material for credit analysis in certain enterprise sectors.

Net zero assessments provide an independent and comparable view on the strength of an entity’s carbon emissions reduction plans compared to a global net zero pathway. They incorporate an entity’s ambition, the implementation of its plan and its governance of greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

Our second party opinion assessment framework explains how we provide second party opinions of green, social and sustainability financial instruments or financing frameworks following either a use of proceeds or sustainability-linked approach.

Our heat map of environmental risk includes 90 sectors with about $82 trillion in rated debt. It reflects our assessment of the credit materiality of environmental risks for sectors across rating groups.

Our heat map of social risk includes 90 sectors with about $82 trillion in rated debt. It reflects our assessment of the credit materiality of social considerations for sectors across rating groups.